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Acetylene is a moderately common chemical in the universe, often associated with the atmospheres of gas giants. [50] One curious discovery of acetylene is on Enceladus, a moon of Saturn. Natural acetylene is believed to form from catalytic decomposition of long-chain hydrocarbons at temperatures of 1,700 K (1,430 °C; 2,600 °F) and above ...
A gas regulator attached to a nitrogen cylinder. Industrial gases are the gaseous materials that are manufactured for use in industry.The principal gases provided are nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon, hydrogen, helium and acetylene, although many other gases and mixtures are also available in gas cylinders.
A variety of methods have been developed to synthesize polyacetylene. One of the most common methods is via passing acetylene gas over a Ziegler–Natta catalyst, such as Ti(OiPr) 4 /Al(C 2 H 5) 3. This method allows control over the structure and properties of the final polymer by varying temperature and catalyst loading. [13]
Propyne exists in equilibrium with propadiene, the mixture of propyne and propadiene being called MAPD: . H 3 CC≡CH ⇌ H 2 C=C=CH 2. The coefficient of equilibrium K eq is 0.22 at 270 °C or 0.1 at 5 °C.
As a fuel, acetylene's primary disadvantage in comparison to other fuels is its high price. As acetylene is unstable at a pressure roughly equivalent to 33 ft (10 m) underwater, water-submerged cutting and welding is reserved for hydrogen rather than acetylene. Compressed gas cylinders containing oxygen and MAPP gas
At one time, chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene), an industrially important monomer, was produced via the intermediacy of vinyl acetylene. [7] In this process, acetylene is dimerized to give vinyl acetylene, which is then combined with hydrogen chloride to give 4-chloro-1,2-butadiene via 1,4-addition.
As a main synthetic tool usually acetylene homocoupling reactions like the Glaser coupling or its associated Elinton and Hay protocols are used. [8] [4] Moreover, many of such procedures involve a Cadiot–Chodkiewicz coupling or similar reactions to unite two separate alkyne building-blocks or by alkylation of a pre-formed polyyne unit. [9]
The monomer, vinyl acetate, was first produced on an industrial scale by the addition of acetic acid to acetylene with a mercury(I) salt, [4] but it is now primarily made by palladium-catalyzed oxidative addition of acetic acid to ethylene.