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Dextrorotation and laevorotation (also spelled levorotation) [1] [2] in chemistry and physics are the optical rotation of plane-polarized light.From the point of view of the observer, dextrorotation refers to clockwise or right-handed rotation, and laevorotation refers to counterclockwise or left-handed rotation.
The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics defines specific rotation as: For an optically active substance, defined by [α] θ λ = α/γl, where α is the angle through which plane polarized light is rotated by a solution of mass concentration γ and path length l.
The polarization is rotated in the second reflection, but that leaves the beam in a different plane and at a right angle relative to the incident beam. The other reflections are necessary to yield a beam with its polarization rotated and collinear with the input beam. These rotators are reported to have transmission efficiencies better than 94% ...
Jean-Baptiste Biot (/ ˈ b iː oʊ, ˈ b j oʊ /; [2] French:; 21 April 1774 – 3 February 1862) was a French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician who co-discovered the Biot–Savart law of magnetostatics with Félix Savart, established the reality of meteorites, made an early balloon flight, and studied the polarization of light.
And for the polarization of the ordinary ray, the plane of the ray and the axis was replaced by the plane bisecting the dihedral angle between the two planes each of which contained the ray and one axis (Biot's dihedral law). [214] [215] Biot's laws meant that a biaxial crystal with axes at a small angle, cleaved in the plane of those axes ...
An object that cannot be superimposed on its mirror image is said to be chiral, and optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism are known as chiroptical properties. Most biological molecules have one or more chiral centers and undergo enzyme-catalyzed transformations that either maintain or invert the chirality at one or more of these ...
Jean-Baptiste Biot: France Found that a quartz plate cut at a right angle to its crystal axis rotates the plane of polarized light by an angle that is proportional to the thickness of the plate. This is the phenomenon of optical rotation [11] 1815 Jean-Baptiste Biot France
Chromatic polarization, as this phenomenon came to be called, was more thoroughly investigated in 1812 by Jean-Baptiste Biot. In 1813, Biot established that one case studied by Arago, namely quartz cut perpendicular to its optic axis , was actually a gradual rotation of the plane of polarization with distance. [ 15 ]