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Lipolysis / l ɪ ˈ p ɒ l ɪ s ɪ s / is the metabolic pathway through which lipid triglycerides are hydrolyzed into a glycerol and free fatty acids. It is used to mobilize stored energy during fasting or exercise , and usually occurs in fat adipocytes .
These processes can mainly be divided into (1) catabolic processes that generate energy and (2) anabolic processes where they serve as building blocks for other compounds. [1] In catabolism, fatty acids are metabolized to produce energy, mainly in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
The breakdown of this fat is known as lipolysis. The products of lipolysis, free fatty acids , are released into the bloodstream and circulate throughout the body. During the breakdown of triacylglycerols into fatty acids, more than 75% of the fatty acids are converted back into triacylglycerol, a natural mechanism to conserve energy, even in ...
In biochemistry, lipogenesis is the conversion of fatty acids and glycerol into fats, or a metabolic process through which acetyl-CoA is converted to triglyceride for storage in fat. [1]
Triacylglycerols (fats) – see also lipolysis and lipogenesis: Triacylglycerols are the major form of energy storage in human body. [1] Fatty acids – see also fatty acid metabolism: Fatty acids are one of the precursors used for lipid membrane and cholesterol biosynthesis. They are also used for energy.
Glucagon is traditionally a catabolic hormone, but also stimulates the anabolic process of gluconeogenesis by the liver, and to a lesser extent the kidney cortex and intestines, during starvation to prevent low blood sugar. [9] It is the process of converting pyruvate into glucose.
The degradative process of a catabolic pathway provides the energy required to conduct the biosynthesis of an anabolic pathway. [6] In addition to the two distinct metabolic pathways is the amphibolic pathway, which can be either catabolic or anabolic based on the need for or the availability of energy. [7]
Endocrinologists have traditionally classified many of the hormones as anabolic or catabolic, depending on which part of metabolism they stimulate. The so-called classic catabolic hormones known since the early 20th century are cortisol, glucagon, and adrenaline (and other catecholamines).