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Essentially, encapsulation prevents external code from being concerned with the internal workings of an object. Encapsulation allows developers to present a consistent interface that is independent of its internal implementation. As one example, encapsulation can be used to hide the values or state of a structured data object inside a class.
Access modifiers are a specific part of programming language syntax used to facilitate the encapsulation of components. [1] In C++, there are only three access modifiers. C# extends the number of them to six, [2] while Java has four access modifiers, but three keywords for this purpose. In Java, having no keyword before defaults to the package ...
The bridge uses encapsulation, aggregation, and can use inheritance to separate responsibilities into different classes. When a class varies often, the features of object-oriented programming become very useful because changes to a program's code can be made easily with minimal prior knowledge about the program. The bridge pattern is useful ...
For example, a relational database is encapsulated in the sense that its only public interface is a query language (such as SQL), which hides all the internal machinery and data structures of the database management system. As such, encapsulation is a core principle of good software architecture, at every level of granularity.
C# (/ ˌ s iː ˈ ʃ ɑːr p / see SHARP) [b] is a general-purpose high-level programming language supporting multiple paradigms.C# encompasses static typing, [16]: 4 strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, [16]: 22 object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.
The mechanisms for modular or object-oriented programming that are provided by a programming language are mechanisms that allow developers to provide SoC. [4] For example, object-oriented programming languages such as C#, C++, Delphi, and Java can separate concerns into objects, and architectural design patterns like MVC or MVP can separate presentation and the data-processing (model) from ...
Similarly, encapsulation prevents external code from being concerned with the internal workings of an object. This facilitates code refactoring, for example allowing the author of the class to change how objects of that class represent their data internally without changing any external code (as long as "public" method calls work the same way ...
If much code takes advantage of the lack of encapsulation, the result is a scarcely maintainable maze of interactions, commonly known as a rat's nest or spaghetti code. The original design is obscured by the excessively broad interfaces to objects. The broad interfaces make it harder to re-implement a class without disturbing the rest of the ...