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Since the upper layers are colder, the amount emitted would be lower, leading to warming of Earth until the reduction in emission is compensated by the rise in temperature. [1] Furthermore, such warming may cause a feedback mechanism due to other changes in Earth's albedo, e.g. due to ice melting.
Climate models vary in complexity. For example, a simple radiant heat transfer model treats the Earth as a single point and averages outgoing energy. This can be expanded vertically (radiative-convective models) and horizontally. More complex models are the coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea ice global climate models.
A related project is the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) for global coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models (GCMs). Coupled models are computer-based models of the Earth's climate, in which different parts (such as atmosphere, oceans, land, ice) are "coupled" together, and interact in simulations. [1]
Often local models are run using global model results for boundary conditions, to achieve higher local resolution: for example, the Met Office runs a mesoscale model with an 11 km (6.8 mi) resolution [34] covering the UK, and various agencies in the US employ models such as the NGM and NAM models. Like most global numerical weather prediction ...
The IGSM couples the MIT Earth System Model (MESM), [1] an Earth system model of intermediate complexity, to the Economic Projection and Policy Analysis (EPPA), [2] a human activity model that represents the world's economy. It has been used to understand the interactions between humans and the global climate system. [3] [4]
[9] [2] This means that for a given amount of carbon emissions, a related amount of global warming can reasonably be expected. [ 6 ] [ 14 ] The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report , which is the most thorough estimate as of 2021, [ 3 ] suggests a likely TCRE of 1.4 °C–2.2 °C per Tt C (or 1000 Pg C), a narrowing of the 0.8° to 2.5 °C per Tt C ...
The result is that the models have very different wind stresses over the Southern Ocean, with the CM2.0 exhibiting the common bias of winds that are shifted equatorward but the CM2.1 model being one of the few that have winds close to the correct latitude and magnitude in this region (Russell et al., 2006). Work by Reichler and Kim at the ...
HARMONIE-Climate (HCLIM) is a limited area climate model based on the HARMONIE model developed by a large consortium of European weather forecastign and research institutes . It is a model system that like WRF can be run in many configurations, including at high resolution with the non-hydrostatic Arome physics or at lower resolutions with ...