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For groundwater "potentiometric surface" is a synonym of "piezometric surface" which is an imaginary surface that defines the level to which water in a confined aquifer would rise were it completely pierced with wells. [1] If the potentiometric surface lies above the ground surface, a flowing artesian well results.
The above groundwater flow equations are valid for three dimensional flow. In unconfined aquifers, the solution to the 3D form of the equation is complicated by the presence of a free surface water table boundary condition: in addition to solving for the spatial distribution of heads, the location of this surface is also an unknown. This is a ...
The time that takes the electrode to establish equilibrium with the solution will affect the sensitivity or accuracy of the measurement. In aquatic environments, platinum is often used due to its high electron transfer kinetics, [ 5 ] although an electrode made from several metals can be used in order to enhance the electron transfer kinetics ...
Measuring hydraulic head in an artesian aquifer, where the water level is above the ground surface. Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a specific measurement of liquid pressure above a vertical datum. [1] [2] It is usually measured as a liquid surface elevation, expressed in units of length, at the entrance (or bottom) of a piezometer.
The water table is the surface where the water pressure head is equal to the atmospheric pressure (where gauge pressure = 0). It may be visualized as the "surface" of the subsurface materials that are saturated with groundwater in a given vicinity. [2] The groundwater may be from precipitation or from groundwater flowing into the aquifer. In ...
An ion-selective electrode (ISE), also known as a specific ion electrode (SIE), is a simple membrane-based potentiometric device which measures the activity of ions in solution. [1] It is a transducer (or sensor ) that converts the change in the concentration of a specific ion dissolved in a solution into an electrical potential .
Cathodic stripping voltammetry is a voltammetric method for quantitative determination of specific ionic species. [6] It is similar to the trace analysis method anodic stripping voltammetry, except that for the plating step, the potential is held at an oxidizing potential, and the oxidized species are stripped from the electrode by sweeping the potential negatively.
A metre bridge is a simple type of potentiometer which may be used in school science laboratories to demonstrate the principle of resistance measurement by potentiometric means. A resistance wire is laid along the length of a metre rule and contact with the wire is made through a galvanometer by a slider. When the galvanometer reads zero, the ...