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  2. Yeast assimilable nitrogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast_assimilable_nitrogen

    Yeast need a reliable source of nitrogen in forms that they can assimilate in order to successfully complete fermentation. Yeast assimilable nitrogen or YAN is the combination of free amino nitrogen (FAN), ammonia (NH 3) and ammonium (NH 4 +) that is available for a yeast, e.g. the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to use during fermentation.

  3. Microbial food cultures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_food_cultures

    Microbial food cultures are live bacteria, yeasts or moulds used in food production. Microbial food cultures carry out the fermentation process in foodstuffs. Used by humans since the Neolithic period (around 10 000 years BC) [1] fermentation helps to preserve perishable foods and to improve their nutritional and organoleptic qualities (in this case, taste, sight, smell, touch).

  4. Pasteur effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_effect

    Despite the bactericidal effects of ethanol, acidifying effects of fermentation, and low oxygen conditions of industrial alcohol production, bacteria that undergo lactic acid fermentation can contaminate such facilities because lactic acid has a low pKa of 3.86 to avoid decoupling the pH membrane gradient that supports regulated transport.

  5. Fermentation in food processing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_in_food...

    Grapes being trodden to extract the juice and made into wine in storage jars. Tomb of Nakht, 18th dynasty, Thebes, Ancient Egypt. Sourdough starter. In food processing, fermentation is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—without an oxidizing agent being used in the reaction.

  6. Fermentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation

    Humans have used fermentation in production of food for 13,000 years. [5] Humans and their livestock have microbes in the gut that carry out fermentation, releasing products used by the host for energy. [6] Fermentation is used at an industrial level to produce commodity chemicals, such as ethanol and lactate.

  7. Food preservation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_preservation

    Burial of food can preserve it due to a variety of factors: lack of light, lack of oxygen, cool temperatures, pH level, or desiccants in the soil. Burial may be combined with other methods such as salting or fermentation. Most foods can be preserved in soil that is very dry and salty (thus a desiccant) such as sand, or soil that is frozen.

  8. Glossary of winemaking terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_winemaking_terms

    This intracellular fermentation (as opposed to the traditional extracellular fermentation of wine yeast) tends to produce fruity, deeply colored red wines with low tannins Casein A fining agent derived from a milk protein. Cask A wood barrel or storage vessel, often made from oak, that is used in winemaking for fermentation and/or aging Cask ...

  9. Baker's yeast - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker's_yeast

    Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the yeast commonly used as baker's yeast. Gradation marks are 1 μm apart.. Baker yeast is the common name for the strains of yeast commonly used in baking bread and other bakery products, serving as a leavening agent which causes the bread to rise (expand and become lighter and softer) by converting the fermentable sugars present in the dough into carbon dioxide and ...