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Although short (1585–1590), his reign however is remembered as one of the most effective in the modern Rome's history. He was even tougher than Pius V, and was variously nicknamed castigamatti ("punisher of the mad"), papa di ferro ("Iron Pope"), dictator and even, ironically, demon , since no other Pope before him pursued with such a ...
Titus, Vespasian's son and successor, quickly proved his merit, although his short reign was marked by disaster, including the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Pompeii. He held the opening ceremonies in the still unfinished Colosseum, but died in 81. His brother Domitian succeeded him. Having exceedingly poor relations with the Senate, Domitian ...
In 293, Rome lost its capital status, and Milan became the capital. Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) – term used by modern historians to distinguish the Constantinople-centered Roman Empire of the Middle Ages from its earlier classical existence.
Rome differed from Greek city-states in allowing freed slaves to become citizens; any future children of a freedman were born free, with full rights of citizenship. After manumission, a slave who had belonged to a Roman citizen enjoyed active political freedom ( libertas ), including the right to vote. [ 150 ]
Sulla's march on Rome: The consul Sulla led an army of his partisans across the pomerium into Rome. Social War (91–89 BC): The war ended. 87 BC: First Mithridatic War: Roman forces landed at Epirus. 85 BC: First Mithridatic War: A peace was agreed between Rome and Pontus under which the latter returned to its pre-war borders. 83 BC
Rome is often referred to as the City of Seven Hills due to its geographic location, and also as the "Eternal City". Rome is generally considered to be the cradle of Western civilization and Western Christian culture, and the centre of the Catholic Church. [7] [8] [9] Rome's history spans 28 centuries.