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Narrow-frequency bandwidth notes are increased in volume and length by reverberations in densely vegetated habitats. [56] It has been hypothesized that the available frequency range is partitioned, and birds call so that overlap between different species in frequency and time is reduced. This idea has been termed the "acoustic niche". [57]
A chirp is a signal in which the frequency increases (up-chirp) or decreases (down-chirp) with time. In some sources, the term chirp is used interchangeably with sweep signal . [ 1 ] It is commonly applied to sonar , radar , and laser systems, and to other applications, such as in spread-spectrum communications (see chirp spread spectrum ).
chirp [27] Magpie: chatter [33] Magpie: Monkey: scream, chatter, gecker, [6] howl Mantled Howler Monkey (Alouatta palliata) Moose: bellow [34] Mosquito: buzz, whine ...
When these waves are converted into audio signals, scientists have found them to sound similar to birds chirping. Schematic showing occurrence of chorus waves (Chengming Liu et al., Nature (2025))
Chirping may refer to: Bird vocalization; Chirping, the act of signaling with chirps, signals in which the frequency increases / decreases with time Chirping, pulse compression by linear frequency modulation; Trash-talk in ice hockey
Birds are capable of producing continuous song during both inhalation and exhalation, and may sing continuously for several minutes. [11] For example, the skylark (Alauda arvensis) is capable of producing non-stop song for up to one hour. [12] Some birds change their song characteristics during inhalation versus exhalation.
Inertance must be considered alongside frequency—when a tube is lengthened beyond a quarter wavelength, standing waves interfere with sound production. Thus, acoustic theory predicts that to maximize energy transfer, birds must develop an appropriate length-frequency combination that produces inertance at the input of the trachea. [10]
The basilar papilla units within the female ear are tuned between 2100 and 3700 Hz and are dependent on intensity. Females tend to select low-frequency calls over high-frequency ones because the calls at the lower end of the spectrum are easier to detect. [34]