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Buckminsterfullerene is a black solid that dissolves in hydrocarbon solvents to produce a violet solution. The substance was discovered in 1985 and has received intense study, although few real world applications have been found. Molecules of buckminsterfullerene (or of fullerenes in general) are commonly nicknamed buckyballs. [3] [4]
Rotating model of the diamond cubic crystal structure 3D ball-and-stick model of a diamond lattice Pole figure in stereographic projection of the diamond lattice showing the 3-fold symmetry along the [111] direction. In crystallography, the diamond cubic crystal structure is a repeating pattern of 8 atoms that certain materials may adopt as ...
Fullerenes are soluble in many organic solvents, such as toluene, chlorobenzene, and 1,2,3-trichloropropane. Solubilities are generally rather low, such as 8 g/L for C 60 in carbon disulfide. Still, fullerenes are the only known allotrope of carbon that can be dissolved in common solvents at room temperature.
A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid. Water is a solvent for polar molecules, and the most common solvent used by living things; all the ions and proteins in a cell are dissolved in water within the cell. Major uses of solvents are in paints, paint removers, inks, and dry cleaning. [2]
Particular faceting shapes of diamonds are more prone to breakage and thus may be uninsurable by reputable insurance companies. The brilliant cut of gemstones is designed specifically to reduce the likelihood of breakage or splintering. [8] Solid foreign crystals are commonly present in diamond.
The IUPAC definition of a solid solution is a "solid in which components are compatible and form a unique phase". [3]The definition "crystal containing a second constituent which fits into and is distributed in the lattice of the host crystal" given in refs., [4] [5] is not general and, thus, is not recommended.
Different diamond shapes will affect the perceived size of the diamond. Diamonds with an elongated shape, like the Oval and Marquise, often appear larger than Round cut diamonds of the same carat ...
Diamonds sold through this process are known as conflict diamonds or blood diamonds. [131] In response to public concerns that their diamond purchases were contributing to war and human rights abuses in central and western Africa, the United Nations, the diamond industry and diamond-trading nations introduced the Kimberley Process in 2002. [142]