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Degree of curve or degree of curvature is a measure of curvature of a circular arc used in civil engineering for its easy use in layout surveying. Definition [ edit ]
Rankine's method or tangential angle method is an angular technique for laying out circular curves by a combination of chaining and angles at circumference, fully exploiting the theodolite and making a substantial improvement in accuracy and productivity over existing methods. This method requires access to only one road/path of communication ...
The Hallade survey is a survey method that uses the same principle to measure the versines along an existing curve. Based on the versine values, the radius of that circular curved track can be approximated to: [4] This method can be done manually, and this method is still used in the UK.
Circular curves are defined by radius (tightness) and deflection angle (extent). The design of a horizontal curve entails the determination of a minimum radius (based on speed limit), curve length, and objects obstructing the view of the driver. [4] Using AASHTO standards, an engineer works to design a road that is safe and comfortable. If a ...
Road curves are irregular bends in roads to bring a gradual change of direction. Similar curves are on railways and canals. Curves provided in the horizontal plane are known as horizontal curves and are generally circular or parabolic. Curves provided in the vertical plane are known as vertical curve.
The third type is reverse curve which comprises two or more simple curves that has the opposite direction of curvature (sometime known as "S" curve or serpentine curve). [ 3 ] [ 4 ] In Australia, there is a special definition for a bend (or a horizontal bend ) which is a connection between two tangent tracks at almost 180 degrees (with ...
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In the 19th century, most railroad tracks were constructed out of arcs of circles, called simple curves. [10] Surveyors and civil engineers working for the railroad needed to make many repetitive trigonometrical calculations to measure and plan circular sections of track.