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The Chevrolet big-block engine is a series of large-displacement, naturally-aspirated, 90°, overhead valve, gasoline-powered, V8 engines that was developed and have been produced by the Chevrolet Division of General Motors from the late 1950s until present.
The big-block engines initially used a forged crankshaft with a stroke of 3.975" for the 1965-1967 425 and 400 CID versions; starting in 1968, both the 400 cu in (6.6 L) and the 455 cu in (7.5 L) big blocks used a stroke of 4.25 in (108 mm), with crankshaft material changed to cast iron except in a few rare cases.
Design features of the B and RB engines include 17 capscrews per cylinder head, a cylinder block that extends 3 in (76.2 mm) below the crankshaft centerline, an intake manifold not exposed to crankcase oil on the underside, stamped-steel shaft-mounted rocker arms (race versions used forged steel rockers), and a front-mounted external oil pump driven by the camshaft.
Also called the GM small corporate pattern and the S10 pattern. This pattern has a distinctive odd-sided hexagonal shape. Rear wheel drive applications have the starter mounted on the right side of the block (when viewed from the flywheel) and on the opposite side of the block compared to front wheel drive installations.
The large increase in the main bearing size was due to replacing the forged crankshafts for all engines except the SD racing versions with the introduction of an "Armasteel" cast steel crankshaft; [3] and the engineers being very conservative in how strong the cast crankshaft would prove to be. The "Armasteel" cast crankshaft was the first cast ...
Crankshafts used with the 305 had the same casting number as the 350 with one discernible difference—the 305 crank is lighter in weight to compensate for engine balancing. As a result, the counterweights are smaller, which makes it unsuitable for use in a 350 where metal would have to be welded back on.
This engine had many of the same basic dimensions as one of Austin's pre-war sidevalve engines - the 1125cc engine fitted in the Austin 10 which had the 88.9 mm (3.5 in) stroke common to all later B-Series engines, allowing the use of much of the same installed equipment to produce the block and crankshaft - but to an all-new OHV design.
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