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It progresses through three stages: [6] Lochia rubra (or cruenta) is the first discharge, composed of blood, shreds of fetal membranes, decidua, vernix caseosa, lanugo and membranes. It is red in color because of the large amount of blood it contains. It lasts 1 to 4 days after birth, before easing to light "spotting".
Besides placenta previa and placental abruption, uterine rupture can occur, which is a very serious condition leading to internal or external bleeding. Bleeding from the fetus is rare, but may occur with two conditions called vasa previa and velamentous umbilical cord insertion where the fetal blood vessels lie near the placental insertion site unprotected by Wharton's jelly of the cord. [11]
Bloody show or show is the passage of a small amount of blood or blood-tinged mucus through the vagina near the end of pregnancy.It is caused by thinning and dilation of the cervix, leading to detachment of the cervical mucus plug that seals the cervix during pregnancy and tearing of small cervical blood vessels, [1] and is one of the signs that labor may be imminent. [2]
The cervical mucus plug (CMP) acts as a protective barrier by deterring the passage of bacteria into the uterus, and contains a variety of antimicrobial agents, including immunoglobulins, and similar antimicrobial peptides to those found in nasal mucus.The CMP inhibits the migration of vaginal bacteria towards the uterus, protecting against ...
In 2015 about 6.5 million cases of obstructed labour or uterine rupture occurred. [5] This resulted in 23,000 maternal deaths down from 29,000 deaths in 1990 (about 8% of all deaths related to pregnancy). [2] [6] [9] It is also one of the leading causes of stillbirth. [10] Most deaths due to this condition occur in the developing world. [1]
Dr. Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital, the National Maternity Hospital, is a maternal and newborn tertiary hospital located in Santa Cruz, Manila in the Philippines.It also houses the Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital School of Midwifery, an institute recognized by the Professional Regulation Commission in the Midwife Licensure Examinations for its performance.
[1] [2] Normal vaginal discharge may be large in volume but typically does not have a strong odor, nor is it typically associated with itching or pain. [3] While most discharge is considered physiologic (represents normal functioning of the body), some changes in discharge can reflect infection or other pathological processes.
[5] [6] As such, 97% of births in 1892 were given at home in Sweden. [20] In 1832, the Boston Lying-In Hospital in the United States was built as one of the first hospitals where women could give birth. [5] [21] The Progressive Era during the late 19th century in the United States led to increasingly favourable views of hospitals as a place of ...