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A lahar travels down a river valley in Guatemala near the Santa Maria volcano, 1989. A lahar (/ ˈ l ɑː h ɑːr /, from Javanese: ꦮ꧀ꦭꦲꦂ) is a violent type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water.
Detailed map of Mount Rainier's summit and northeast slope showing upper perimeter of Osceola collapse amphitheater (hachured line) The Osceola Mudflow, also known as the Osceola Lahar, was a debris flow and lahar in the U.S. state of Washington that descended from the summit and northeast slope of Mount Rainier, a volcano in the Cascade Range during a period of eruptions about 5,600 years ago.
A lahar is a debris flow related in some way to volcanic activity, either directly as a result of an eruption, or indirectly by the collapse of loose material on the flanks of a volcano. A variety of phenomena may trigger a lahar, including melting of glacial ice, sector collapse , intense rainfall on loose pyroclastic material, or the outburst ...
A wide variety of volcanic processes can produce tsunamis. This includes volcanic earthquakes, caldera collapse, explosive submarine eruptions, the effects of pyroclastic flows and lahars on water, base surges with accompanying shock waves, lava avalanching into the sea, air waves from explosive subaerial eruptions, avalanches of cold rock, and avalanches of hot material. [1]
Lahars travelled as fast as 90 mph (140 km/h) while still high on the volcano, but progressively slowed to about 3 mph (4.8 km/h) on the flatter and wider parts of rivers. [9] Mudflows from the southern and eastern flanks had the consistency of wet concrete as they raced down Muddy River, Pine Creek, and Smith Creek to their confluence at the ...
These are called lahars; [11] when the lahar contains large material such as blocks of rock and trees, it is a volcanic debris flow. [12] Lahars can form directly from a pyroclastic material flow flowing into a river, or could possibly form after the main eruption.
The lahar-warning system at the station at 311 W. Pioneer went off about 10 a.m. The Puyallup Police Department posted on Twitter about 10:30 a.m. that the siren was a false alarm and that it was ...
These lakes may eventually drain catastrophically to create floods and lahars downstream. [ 2 ] Landslides that remove a large portion of a volcanic cone may abruptly decrease pressure on shallow magmatic and hydrothermal systems, which can generate explosions ranging from a small steam explosion to large steam and magma-driven directed blasts.