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Xylene is used in the laboratory to make baths with dry ice to cool reaction vessels, [17] and as a solvent to remove synthetic immersion oil from the microscope objective in light microscopy. [18] In histology, xylene is the most widely used clearing agent. [19] Xylene is used to remove paraffin from dried microscope slides prior to staining.
Likewise, the para-xylene consumption showed unprecedented growth in 2010, growing by 2,800,000 tons, a full ten percent growth from 2009. [1] Toluene is also a valuable petrochemical for use as a solvent and intermediate in chemical manufacturing processes and as a high octane gasoline component. [2] [3] [4] [5]
It is a useful solvent in many industrial processes. Traditional organic solvents can sometimes be replaced by aqueous preparations. [3] Water-based coatings have largely replaced standard petroleum-based paints for the construction industry; however, solvent-based anti-corrosion paints remain among the most used today.
Organic Solvent or Inorganic Salt T (°C) Notes Dry ice: p-Xylene +13 [1] Dry ice: p-Dioxane +12 Dry ice: Cyclohexane +6 Dry ice: Benzene +5 Dry ice: Formamide +2 Ice: Water: 0 Ice: Ammonium chloride-5 0.3 to 1 ratio of salt to ice. Liquid N 2: Aniline-6 Ice: Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate-8 1.1 to 1 ratio of salt to ice. Ice: Calcium chloride ...
Organic solvent or salt Temp (°C) Dry ice p-xylene +13 Dry ice Dioxane +12 Dry ice Cyclohexane +6 Dry ice Benzene +5 Dry ice Formamide +2 Ice Salts (see: left) 0 to −40 Liquid N 2: Cycloheptane −12 Dry ice Benzyl alcohol −15 Dry ice Tetrachloroethylene −22 Dry ice Carbon tetrachloride −23 Dry ice 1,3-Dichlorobenzene −25 Dry ice o ...
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
Using an animal model (Wistar-strain male rats), Ono and coworkers [6] reported that chronic exposure (12 h a day for 24 weeks) to hydrocarbon solvent vapors conspicuously impaired peripheral nerve function in the 500 ppm n-hexane group, slightly impaired in the 200 ppm n-hexane group and petroleum benzine II group (containing 500 ppm n-hexane ...
o-Xylene (ortho-xylene) is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C 6 H 4 (CH 3) 2, with two methyl substituents bonded to adjacent carbon atoms of a benzene ring (the ortho configuration). It is a constitutional isomer of m-xylene and p-xylene, the mixture being called xylene or xylenes. o-Xylene is a colourless slightly oily flammable ...