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Valve timing diagram for a 4-stroke engine. With traditional fixed valve timing, an engine will have a period of "valve overlap" at the end of the exhaust stroke, when both the intake and exhaust valves are open. The intake valve is opened before the exhaust gases have completely left the cylinder, and their considerable velocity assists in ...
Four-stroke cycle used in gasoline/petrol engines: intake (1), compression (2), power (3), and exhaust (4). The right blue side is the intake port and the left brown side is the exhaust port.
Pressure in cylinder pattern in dependence on ignition timing: (a) - misfire, (b) too soon, (c) optimal, (d) too late. In a spark ignition internal combustion engine, ignition timing is the timing, relative to the current piston position and crankshaft angle, of the release of a spark in the combustion chamber near the end of the compression stroke.
Many modern engines now use unconventional valve timing to produce the effect of a shorter compression stroke/longer power stroke. Miller applied this technique to the four-stroke engine, so it is sometimes referred as the Atkinson/ Miller cycle , US patent 2817322 dated Dec 24, 1957. [ 2 ]
The difference in displacement is achieved by variance in bore and stroke. [4] The 4B1 engine family is the first to have the continuously variable valve timing MIVEC system applied not only to its intake valves but also to its exhaust valves. The intake and exhaust cam timing is continuously independently controlled and provide four optimized ...
Valves per cylinder 4 ; Variable valve timing Camshaft adjustment on both the inlet and outlet side; Displacement 3,982 cc (4.0 L; 243.0 cu in) Bore x stroke 83 mm × 92 mm (3.27 in × 3.62 in) Cylinder spacing 90 mm (3.54 in) Compression ratio 10.5:1
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Desmodromic poppet valve in a Ducati engine. A desmodromic valve is a reciprocating engine poppet valve that is positively closed by a cam and leverage system, rather than by a more conventional spring. The valves in a typical four-stroke engine allow the air/fuel mixture into the cylinder at the beginning of the cycle and exhaust spent gases ...