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Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA scan) is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is diagnosed when the bone mineral density is less than or equal to 2.5 standard deviations below that of a young (30–40-year-old [4]:58), healthy adult women reference population.
The DXA scan is typically used to diagnose and follow osteoporosis, ... [24] as low as 0.001 mSv, much less than a standard chest or dental x-ray. [25] [26] ...
The meaning of "gold standard" may differ between practical medicine and the statistical ideal. With some medical conditions, only an autopsy can guarantee diagnostic certainty. In these cases, the gold standard test is the best test that keeps the patient alive, and even gold standard tests can require follow-up to confirm or refute the ...
More than 20,000 people suffer breaks due to osteoporosis in Wales every year, the ROS said, making it the fourth worst cause of disability and premature death. Sam now faces a 40% chance of a ...
Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry (REMS) is a non-ionizing technology for osteoporosis diagnosis and for fracture risk assessment. REMS processes the raw, unfiltered ultrasound signals acquired during an echographic scan of the axial sites, femur and spine. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain.
Single photon absorptiometry is the first quantitative analysis method used in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. To evaluate bone quality, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) are important indicators, and bone quality can reflect the health status of normal human bone tissue to a certain extent.
Bone biopsy is considered the gold standard to quantify bone turnover; however, it is invasive, complex and costly to perform and subject to significant measurement errors. [ 1 ] Measurements of serum or urine biomarkers of bone turnover are simple, cheap, quick, and non-invasive in measuring changes in bone metabolism, but only provide ...
In clinical practice, verification bias is more likely to occur when a preliminary diagnostic test is negative. Because many gold standard tests can be invasive, expensive, and carry a higher risk (e.g. angiography, biopsy, surgery), patients and physicians may be more reluctant to undergo further work-up if a preliminary test is negative.