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Hypothyroidism is classified as either primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary hypothyroidism is for when the cause is due to an abnormality of the thyroid gland, secondary hypothyroidism is when the cause is decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, and tertiary hypothyroidism is when the cause is an inadequate amount of thyrotropin-releasing hormone being released.
Median survival times for dogs of 662-900 days have been observed in pituitary-dependent cases treated with trilostane, and 353-475 days for adrenal-dependent cases treated with trilostane. [14] Survival rates of 72-79% have been observed in dogs with pituitary-dependent Cushing's four years after a hypophysectomy.
The pituitary gland produces a hormone that signals the adrenal gland to produce cortisol; a tumor can cause it to produce the adrenal-stimulating hormone even when it is not needed. [ 117 ] [ 118 ] Signs include increased appetite, increased drinking and urination, a pot-bellied appearance, muscle weakness, and lethargy. [ 117 ]
The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis (HPT axis for short, a.k.a. thyroid homeostasis or thyrotropic feedback control) is part of the neuroendocrine system responsible for the regulation of metabolism and also responds to stress. As its name suggests, it depends upon the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the thyroid gland.
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Other cases are caused by various disease processes, [8] [9] [10] including failure of the pituitary gland to secrete ACTH, the hormone which stimulates the adrenal production of cortisol. [5] Hypoadrenocorticism is more frequent in dogs than in humans; in fact, it may occur one hundred times more often in the canine population.
The pituitary gland or hypophysis is an endocrine gland in vertebrates. In humans , the pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain , protruding off the bottom of the hypothalamus . The human pituitary gland is oval shaped , about 1 cm in diameter, 0.5–1 gram (0.018–0.035 oz) in weight on average, and about the size of a kidney bean .
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