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  2. Korean phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_phonology

    For example, 내가 /nɛ-ɡa/ "I-subject" and 네가 /ne-ɡa/ "you-subject" are now pronounced as [ne̞ɡɐ] and [niɡɐ] respectively, with the latter having changed its vowel; 새 잔 /sɛ tɕan/ "new glass" is pronounced with tensified [s͈] by some young speakers to not be conflated with 세 잔 /se tɕan/ "three glasses". Some changes are ...

  3. Initial dropping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_dropping

    Initial dropping is a sound change whereby the first consonants of words are dropped. Additionally, stress may shift from the first to the second syllable, and the first vowel may be shortened, reduced, or dropped, which can mean the loss of the entire first syllable of a word.

  4. Phonological change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_change

    In Proto-Italic, for example, intervocalic */s/ became *[z]. It was a phonetic change, merely a mild and superficial complication in the phonological system, but when *[z] merged with */r/, the effect on the phonological system was greater. (The example will be discussed below, under conditioned merger.)

  5. International Phonetic Alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic...

    Examples include secondary articulation; onsets, releases and other transitions; shades of sound; light epenthetic sounds and incompletely articulated sounds. Morphophonemically, superscripts may be used for assimilation, e.g. aʷ for the effect of labialization on a vowel /a/ , which may be realized as phonemic /o/ . [ 98 ]

  6. Vowel diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_diagram

    Only 10% of languages, including English, have a vowel diagram that is quadrilateral. Such a diagram is called a vowel quadrilateral or a vowel trapezium. [2] Different vowels vary in pitch. For example, high vowels, such as [i] and [u], tend to have a higher fundamental frequency than low vowels, such as [a]. Vowels are distinct from one ...

  7. English-language vowel changes before historic /l/ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English-language_vowel...

    For example, the realization of rolling changed from [ˈɹəʊlɪŋ] to [ˈɹɒʊlɪŋ] on the model of roll [ɹɒʊɫ]. This led to the creation of a minimal pair for some speakers: wholly /ˈhɒʊli/ vs. holy /ˈhəʊli/ and thus to phonemicization of the split.

  8. Articulatory phonetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulatory_phonetics

    For example, when making a p sound, the lips come together tightly, blocking the air momentarily and causing a buildup of air pressure. The lips then release suddenly, causing a burst of sound. The place of articulation of this sound is therefore called bilabial, and the manner is called stop (also known as a plosive).

  9. Catalan phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_phonology

    The harmony of Valencian is a clear example of harmony conditioned by a strong element: in some Valencian dialects, word-final post-tonic /a/ becomes [ɛ] and [ɔ] when the preceding syllable contains tonic open-mid (or near-open) vowels /ɛ/ and /ɔ/; that is, /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ propagate the palatal and labial features, respectively, to the final ...