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In gynecology, a rectocele (/ ˈ r ɛ k t ə s iː l / REK-tə-seel) or posterior vaginal wall prolapse results when the rectum bulges into the vagina. [1] Two common causes of this defect are childbirth and hysterectomy. [2] Rectocele also tends to occur with other forms of pelvic organ prolapse, such as enterocele, sigmoidocele and cystocele. [1]
A cystocele protruding through the vagina in a 73 year old woman. Large rectocele. Anterior vaginal wall prolapse. Cystocele (bladder into vagina) Urethrocele (urethra into vagina) Cystourethrocele (both bladder and urethra) Posterior vaginal wall prolapse. Enterocele (small intestine into vagina) Rectocele (rectum into vagina) Sigmoidocele ...
A cystocele protruding through the vagina in a 73-year-old woman. The cystocele, also known as a prolapsed bladder, is a medical condition in which a woman's bladder bulges into her vagina. [1] [5] Some may have no symptoms. [6] Others may have trouble starting urination, urinary incontinence, or frequent urination. [1]
Enterocele, if causing symptoms. [8] Mucosal prolapse. [5] Obstructed defecation syndrome (which may be caused by external or internal rectal prolapse, but also by other conditions such as rectocele, enterocele, prolapse of the vaginal vault and cystocele). [21] Vaginal vault prolapse. [22]
It is the surgical intervention for both cystocele (protrusion of the urinary bladder into the vagina) and rectocele (protrusion of the rectum into the vagina). [citation needed] The repair may be to either or both of the anterior (front) or posterior (rear) vaginal walls, thus the origin of some of its alternative names. [1] [2] [3]
An enterocele may co-exist with a rectocele. [5] During defecation, the enterocele may occupy a posterior colpocele before the rectocele or after it empties. [5] An enterocele may also co-exist with a cystocele. [5] In such cases, the enterocele will be visible only after emptying of the cystocele. [5]
A rectal prolapse occurs when walls of the rectum have prolapsed to such a degree that they protrude out of the anus and are visible outside the body. [2] However, most researchers agree that there are 3 to 5 different types of rectal prolapse, depending on whether the prolapsed section is visible externally, and whether the full or only partial thickness of the rectal wall is involved.
They unanimously agreed that surgery should be discouraged for pelvic floor dyssynergia, and instead that biofeedback/pelvic floor retraining was the first line treatment. When dyssynergia is present with major abnormalities like rectocele or rectal intussusception, biofeedback/pelvic floor retraining should be conducted before attempting surgery.