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Trade, for all its importance, is considered by most political scientists as "low politics", as it depends on specific security conditions to come into effect. Low politics is a concept that covers all matters that are not absolutely vital to the survival of the state as the economics and the social affairs.
At the apex of the status hierarchy sits the paramount. Anthropologists and archaeologists have demonstrated through research that chiefdoms are a relatively unstable form of social organization. They are prone to cycles of collapse and renewal, in which tribal units band together, expand in power, fragment through some form of social stress ...
They divide cultures into four quadrants: Clan, Adhocracy, Market, Hierarchy, with particular characteristics that directly affect employee motivation. Clan cultures are collaborative and driven by values such as commitment, communication, and individual development. Motivation results from human development, employee engagement, and a high ...
The belief of primitive communism as based on Morgan's work is inaccurate [6] due to Morgan's misunderstandings of Haudenosaunee society and his since-disproven theory of social evolution. [24] Subsequent and more accurate research has focused on hunter-gatherer societies and aspects of such societies in relation to land ownership , communal ...
These powerful government instruments may ensure domination by the leading ethnic groups and the stratification of society into 'ethnoclasses' (exacerbated by 20th century capitalism's typically neo-liberal policies). Ethnocracies often manage to contain ethnic conflict in the short term by effective control over minorities and by effectively ...
The concept of market-dominant minority was introduced by Chua in a 1998 paper Markets, Democracy, and Ethnicity. [2] In the Philippines, Chua notes that the Chinese community comprise one percent of the population but control 60 percent of the private economy, with the result being resentment on the part of the Filipino majority against the Chinese minority creating an ethnic conflict.
The negation of rule or "government by none". While "anarchy" refers to the absence of a hierarchical society-organizing power principle, "acracy" refers to the absence of coercion; the condition of acracy is one of voluntary order. Derived from the Greek α- [no] and κρατία [system of government]. Adhocracy
In philosophy, political science and sociology, elite theory is a theory of the state that seeks to describe and explain power relations in society.In its contemporary form in the 21st century, elite theory posits that (1) power in larger societies, especially nation-states, is concentrated at the top in relatively small elites; (2) power "flows predominantly in a top-down direction from ...