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The Janka hardness test (English: / ˈ dʒ æ ŋ k ə /; [1] German:), created by Austrian-born American researcher Gabriel Janka (1864–1932), measures the resistance of a sample of wood to denting and wear. [citation needed] It measures the force required to embed an 11.28-millimeter-diameter (7 ⁄ 16 in) steel ball halfway into a sample of ...
Lignum vitae is hard and durable, and is also the densest wood traded (average dried density: ~79 lb/ft 3 or ~1,260 kg/m 3); [4] it will easily sink in water. On the Janka scale of hardness, which measures hardness of woods, lignum vitae ranks highest of the trade woods, with a Janka hardness of 4,390 lbf (compared with Olneya at 3,260 lbf, [5] African blackwood at 2,940 lbf, hickory at 1,820 ...
The following table associates tree species, wood name and wood colour. The Dipterocarp timber classification system was developed by Colin Fraser Symington (1905-1943), a forester at the Malayan Forestry Service, and H. E. Desch, who researched comparative wood anatomy.
US Forest Products Laboratory, "Characteristics and Availability of Commercially Important Wood" from the Wood Handbook Archived 2021-01-18 at the Wayback Machine PDF 916K International Wood Collectors Society
Join conservationists for a hands-on workshop at Cumming Nature Center to identify and survey the tree-killing insect, hemlock woolly adelgid.
The tree is essentially evergreen throughout most of its native range. It is shade-tolerant. It fruits between the age of 30 and 70 years over the summer months in the Northern Hemisphere. [3] The wood is hard, heavy and self-lubricating, and has a Janka Hardness Score of 4500, [8] which is one of the hardest in the
Towards the centre of the trunk, the wood gets less hard. The wood has a Janka ball hardness of 112.5 - 154.7 kgf/cm 2 (1600 – 2200 psi), which is greater than that of oak (70.3 - 84.4 kgf/cm 2) and Douglas fir (35.9 kgf/cm 2). Coconut timber is classified according to three degrees of density: High-density timber (dermal) – hard: 600–900 ...
Ironwood is a common name for many woods that have a reputation for hardness, or specifically a wood density that is denser than water (approximately 1000 kg/m 3, or 62 pounds per cubic foot), although usage of the name ironwood in English may or may not indicate a tree that yields such heavy wood.