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The Janka hardness test (English: / ˈ dʒ æ ŋ k ə /; [1] German:), created by Austrian-born American researcher Gabriel Janka (1864–1932), measures the resistance of a sample of wood to denting and wear. [citation needed] It measures the force required to embed an 11.28-millimeter-diameter (7 ⁄ 16 in) steel ball halfway into a sample of ...
Lignum vitae is hard and durable, and is also the densest wood traded (average dried density: ~79 lb/ft 3 or ~1,260 kg/m 3); [4] it will easily sink in water. On the Janka scale of hardness, which measures hardness of woods, lignum vitae ranks highest of the trade woods, with a Janka hardness of 4,390 lbf (compared with Olneya at 3,260 lbf, [5] African blackwood at 2,940 lbf, hickory at 1,820 ...
Mountain mahogany, bottle tree (Entandrophragma caudatumi) Indian mahogany, chickrassy, chittagong wood (Chukrasia velutina) Spanish Cedar, cedro, Brazilian mahogany (Cedrela odorata) Light bosse, pink mahogany (Guarea cedrata) Dark bosse, pink Mahogany (Guarea thompsonii) American muskwood (Guarea grandifolia)
The tree is essentially evergreen throughout most of its native range. It is shade-tolerant. It fruits between the age of 30 and 70 years over the summer months in the Northern Hemisphere. [3] The wood is hard, heavy and self-lubricating, and has a Janka Hardness Score of 4500, [8] which is one of the hardest in the
Join conservationists for a hands-on workshop at Cumming Nature Center to identify and survey the tree-killing insect, hemlock woolly adelgid.
Fiorinia externa, the elongate hemlock scale, was accidentally introduced into North America from Japan and is now established in most parts of the north-eastern U.S. [2] It has become a serious pest of hemlock (Tsuga) and some related conifers from the family Pinaceae. Dense colonies of the scale insect result in yellowing, shedding of leaves ...
Ironwood is a common name for many woods that have a reputation for hardness, or specifically a wood density that is denser than water (approximately 1000 kg/m 3, or 62 pounds per cubic foot), although usage of the name ironwood in English may or may not indicate a tree that yields such heavy wood.
Towards the centre of the trunk, the wood gets less hard. The wood has a Janka ball hardness of 112.5 - 154.7 kgf/cm 2 (1600 – 2200 psi), which is greater than that of oak (70.3 - 84.4 kgf/cm 2) and Douglas fir (35.9 kgf/cm 2). Coconut timber is classified according to three degrees of density: High-density timber (dermal) – hard: 600–900 ...