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The eastern trans-Saharan route led to the development of the long-lived Kanem–Bornu Empire as well as the Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires, centred on the Lake Chad area. This trade route was somewhat less efficient and only rose to great prominence when there was turmoil in the west such as during the Almohad conquests.
Trans-Saharan trade routes, from Marrakesh to the Awlil salt mines on the west, to Darb Al Arbain on the east . The trans-Saharan trade routes were among the most significant trade networks in pre-colonial Africa. These routes connected West Africa with North Africa and the Mediterranean, facilitating the exchange of gold, salt, ivory, and slaves.
The sites along the trade routes are typified by the Sudanic and Djenne style mosques that were influenced by the Islamic traders who frequented the routes in search of gold and slaves. [2] Along the way they converted much of the population of the region to Islam which led to the construction of the mosques.
Mali's most famous ruler, Mansa Musa, traveled across the Trans-Saharan trade routes on his pilgrimage to Mecca in 1325. [3] Because Islam became so prominent in North and West Africa, many of the trade routes and caravan networks were controlled by Muslim nations. [1] In the 14th century, prominent trade and travel routes had been firmly ...
Ghana grew wealthy through the trans-Saharan trade routes linking Aoudaghost with Tahert and Sijilmasa in north Africa following the introduction of the camel to the western Sahel in the 3rd century AD. Ghana was the first to benefit from the introduction of pack animals by Wolof traders. Ghana dominated the region between the 3rd century and ...
The routes shown are based those given by Mauny 1961. Mauny gives maps for three periods: 8th-10th centuries on page 429, 11th-13th on page 430 and after the 14th century on page 434. The position of the goldfields is based on Mauny 1961 page 295. Levtzion has published a map of the trade routes both in Levtzion 1973 and in Levtzion & Hopkins 1981.
Atlantic trade routes were more heavily used at the end of the 18th century, and led to a decline in the use of trans-Saharan routes. [2] During this time, a stronger focus was placed on gold and minerals, and eventually slaves through the Atlantic slave trade. [2]
For example, the Tuareg and others who are indigenous to Libya facilitated, taxed and partly organized the trade from the south along the trans-Saharan trade routes. Various nomadic peoples played critical roles as guards, guides, and camel drivers. As a result, they were granted autonomy and treated as allies by governments of North Africa. [21]