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Simulating the behaviour of error-correcting codes (ECCs) in software is a common practice to design, validate and improve ECCs. The upcoming wireless 5G standard raises a new range of applications for the software ECCs: the Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN) in a Software-defined radio (SDR) context. The idea is to directly use software ECCs ...
High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) is a communication protocol used for transmitting data between devices in telecommunication and networking.Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), it is defined in the standard ISO/IEC 13239:2002.
Other examples of software are Microsoft Network Software for File and Printer Sharing and Unix/Linux Network File System Client for access to shared file resources. Application-layer functions typically include file sharing, message handling, and database access, through the most common protocols at the application layer, known as HTTP, FTP ...
The software supporting protocols has a layered organization and its relationship with protocol layering is shown in figure 5. To send a message on system A, the top-layer software module interacts with the module directly below it and hands over the message to be encapsulated.
For example, when browsing the Internet, a number of different devices work in tandem to deliver the message through the internet traffic—routers, switches and network adapters, which on a hardware level send and receive signals in the form of TCP or UDP packages. Each such package could by itself be referred to as a message if we narrow our ...
Usually, the data is represented at the application level as a common infoset (e.g. XML, JSON, YAML) and requires a mechanism of data binding (using e.g. a common encoding scheme like XSD). The wire protocol may be either text-based or a binary protocol. Although an important architectural decision, this is a separate matter from the ...
Thus, encoding/decoding is the translation needed for a message to be easily understood. When you decode a message, you extract the meaning of that message in ways to simplify it. Decoding has both verbal and non-verbal forms of communication: Decoding behavior without using words, such as displays of non-verbal communication.
The term encoding-decoding model is used for any model that includes the phases of encoding and decoding in its description of communication. Such models stress that to send information, a code is necessary. A code is a sign system used to express ideas and interpret messages. Encoding-decoding models are sometimes contrasted with inferential ...