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99942 Apophis (provisional designation 2004 MN 4) is a near-Earth asteroid and a potentially hazardous object, 450 metres (1,480 ft) by 170 metres (560 ft) in size, [3] that caused a brief period of concern in December 2004 when initial observations indicated a probability of 2.7% that it would hit Earth on Friday, April 13, 2029.
On December 24, 2004, 370 m (1,210 ft) asteroid 99942 Apophis (at the time yet unnamed and therefore known only by its provisional designation 2004 MN 4) was assigned a 4 on the Torino scale, the highest rating given to date, as the information available at the time translated to a 1.6% chance of Earth impact in April 2029. [20]
For a brief period in late December 2004, with an observation arc of 190 days, asteroid 99942 Apophis (then known only by its provisional designation 2004 MN 4) held the record for the highest Palermo scale value, with a value of 1.10 for a possible collision in the year 2029. [15]
[13] [21] This is the second-highest Torino scale rating an asteroid has ever reached, behind 99942 Apophis which briefly ranked Torino scale level 4 in late 2004. [21] NASA gives a Palermo Technical Impact Hazard Scale rating of −0.34 for 2024 YR 4, which corresponds to an impact hazard of 45.7% of the background hazard level. [7]
During the first decade of the 2000s, there were serious concerns the 325 metres (1,066 ft) wide asteroid 99942 Apophis posed a risk of impacting Earth in 2036. Preliminary, incomplete data by astronomers using ground-based sky surveys resulted in the calculation of a Level 4 risk on the Torino Scale impact hazard chart.
On December 24, 2004, 370 m (1,210 ft) asteroid 99942 Apophis (at the time yet unnamed and therefore known only by its provisional designation 2004 MN 4) was assigned a 4 on the Torino scale, the highest rating given to date, as the information available at the time translated to a 1.6% chance of Earth impact in April 2029. [92]
99942 Apophis: 0.3: June 19, 2004: First asteroid to rank greater than one on the Torino Scale (it was ranked at 2, then 4; now down to 0). Previously better known by its provisional designation 2004 MN 4. 152830 Dinkinesh I Selam: 0.22: November 1, 2023: First satellite discovered to be a contact-binary (433953) 1997 XR 2: 0.23: December 4, 1997
Ramses, or Rapid Apophis Mission for Space Safety, is a proposed ESA mission to a near-Earth asteroid 99942 Apophis.If approved, it is expected to be launched in April 2028, to arrive at Apophis in February 2029, before its closest approach to Earth.