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Parental alienation syndrome is a term coined by child psychiatrist Richard A. Gardner drawing upon his clinical experiences in the early 1980s. [2] [3] The concept of one parent attempting to separate their child from the other parent as punishment or part of a divorce have been described since at least the 1940s, [8] [9] but Gardner was the first to define a specific syndrome.
It is also known as rehoming when adoptive parents use illegal means, such as the internet, to find new homes for their children. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] In the case where child abandonment is anonymous within the first 12 months, it may be referred to as secret child abandonment .
Abandoned child syndrome is a proposed behavioral or psychological condition that is said to result from the loss of one or both parents.Abandonment may be physical or emotional; that is, the parent may abandon the child by failing to be present in their life, or by withholding affection, nurturing, or stimulation. [1]
"Triple Fears Factor," also known as abandoned child syndrome, is where the three commonly identified fears (fear of rejection, fear of abandonment, and fear of commitment) express themselves. Each fear can be initially identifiable in the early stages of life without a father.
Parental alienation is a theorized process through which a child becomes estranged from one parent as the result of the psychological manipulation of another parent. [1] [2] The child's estrangement may manifest itself as fear, disrespect or hostility toward the distant parent, and may extend to additional relatives or parties.
Paul Prather: Estrangement between parents and adult children seems to have increased during an era when many parents have invested unprecedented financial and emotional resources in their kids.
This is known as transgenerational trauma or intergenerational trauma, and can manifest in parenting behaviors as well as epigenetically. [ 32 ] [ 33 ] [ 34 ] Exposure to childhood trauma, along with environmental stress, can also cause alterations in genes and gene expressions.
In some countries, disownment of a child is a form of child abandonment and is illegal when the child is a minor. Some countries condition a legal right of disownment within the family on evidence of specific familial conditions, such as an absence of normal familial ties (required in Austria ), or abuse on the part of the person sought to be ...