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Lagrange's discovery implies that the canonical continued fraction expansion of the square root of every non-square integer is periodic and that, if the period is of length p > 1, it contains a palindromic string of length p − 1. In 1813 Gauss derived from complex-valued hypergeometric functions what is now called Gauss's continued fractions ...
It can be used in conjunction with other tools for evaluating sums. Here, 0 0 {\displaystyle 0^{0}} is taken to have the value 1 {\displaystyle 1} { x } {\displaystyle \{x\}} denotes the fractional part of x {\displaystyle x}
The hyperbola = /.As approaches ∞, approaches 0.. In mathematics, division by infinity is division where the divisor (denominator) is ∞.In ordinary arithmetic, this does not have a well-defined meaning, since ∞ is a mathematical concept that does not correspond to a specific number, and moreover, there is no nonzero real number that, when added to itself an infinite number of times ...
A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...
By performing this iteration, it is possible to evaluate a square root to any desired accuracy by only using the basic arithmetic operations. The following three tables show examples of the result of this computation for finding the square root of 612, with the iteration initialized at the values of 1, 10, and −20.
In elementary algebra, root rationalisation (or rationalization) is a process by which radicals in the denominator of an algebraic fraction are eliminated.. If the denominator is a monomial in some radical, say , with k < n, rationalisation consists of multiplying the numerator and the denominator by , and replacing by x (this is allowed, as, by definition, a n th root of x is a number that ...
In complex analysis, the residue theorem, sometimes called Cauchy's residue theorem, is a powerful tool to evaluate line integrals of analytic functions over closed curves; it can often be used to compute real integrals and infinite series as well. It generalizes the Cauchy integral theorem and Cauchy's integral formula.
In modern terms, the theorem is that a real number with an infinite continued fraction expansion is irrational. Irrational square roots have periodic expansions. The period of the square root of 19 has length 6, which is greater than the period of the square root of any smaller number.