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In mathematics, an ordered basis of a vector space of finite dimension n allows representing uniquely any element of the vector space by a coordinate vector, which is a sequence of n scalars called coordinates.
For example, the standard basis on R n provides a standard orientation on R n (in turn, the orientation of the standard basis depends on the orientation of the Cartesian coordinate system on which it is built). Any choice of a linear isomorphism between V and R n will then provide an orientation on V. The ordering of elements in a basis is crucial.
tangent basis e 1, e 2, e 3 to the coordinate curves (left), dual basis, covector basis, or reciprocal basis e 1, e 2, e 3 to coordinate surfaces (right), in 3-d general curvilinear coordinates (q 1, q 2, q 3), a tuple of numbers to define a point in a position space. Note the basis and cobasis coincide only when the basis is orthonormal. [1 ...
The same vector can be represented in two different bases (purple and red arrows). In mathematics, a set B of vectors in a vector space V is called a basis (pl.: bases) if every element of V may be written in a unique way as a finite linear combination of elements of B.
For the remainder of this section, i, j, and k will denote both the three imaginary [27] basis vectors of and a basis for . Replacing i by − i , j by − j , and k by − k sends a vector to its additive inverse , so the additive inverse of a vector is the same as its conjugate as a quaternion.
In mathematics, the signature (v, p, r) [clarification needed] of a metric tensor g (or equivalently, a real quadratic form thought of as a real symmetric bilinear form on a finite-dimensional vector space) is the number (counted with multiplicity) of positive, negative and zero eigenvalues of the real symmetric matrix g ab of the metric tensor with respect to a basis.
In mathematics, non-Euclidean geometry consists of two geometries based on axioms closely related to those that specify Euclidean geometry.As Euclidean geometry lies at the intersection of metric geometry and affine geometry, non-Euclidean geometry arises by either replacing the parallel postulate with an alternative, or relaxing the metric requirement.
In mathematics, a basis function is an element of a particular basis for a function space.Every function in the function space can be represented as a linear combination of basis functions, just as every vector in a vector space can be represented as a linear combination of basis vectors.