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In the 15th century the region around the lake was settled by the Hondogo lineage of Tutsi people, pastoralists who had formed an independent state. [5] The Tutsi migrated to the Virunga region of Rwanda during the 15th and 16th centuries, settling between Lake Mugesera and Lake Muhazi. They gradually acquired power in most of the region of ...
In the Rwanda territory, from the 15th century until 1961, the Tutsi were ruled by a king (the mwami). Belgium abolished the monarchy, following the national referendum that led to independence. By contrast, in the northwestern part of the country (predominantly Hutu), large regional landholders shared power, similar to Buganda society (in what ...
In 1990, 17.5% of the population in Gikongoro was Tutsi. Tutsi were unevenly distributed throughout the province; 43% of Tutsi lived in Mubuga, with smaller percentages in Nyamagabe and Muko. There were five sectors with a Tutsi-majority population. The pre-genocide figure of 17.5% may be low due to missing data from Rwamiko.
Rwanda's population had increased from 1.6 million people in 1934 to 7.1 million in 1989, leading to competition for land. [56] Human skulls at the Nyamata Genocide Memorial. In 1990, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a rebel group composed of Tutsi refugees, invaded northern Rwanda from their base in Uganda, initiating the Rwandan Civil War. [57]
Lando Ndasingwa, Rwandan politician, murdered in the Genocide against Tutsi in 1994 [15] Louise Mushikiwabo , fourth and current Secretary General of Organisation internationale de la Francophonie . She previously served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Rwanda.
The borders of the kingdom were rounded out in the late 19th century by Mwami Rwabugiri, who is regarded as Rwanda’s greatest king. By 1900, Rwanda was a unified state with a centralized military structure. [14] Owing to its isolation, Rwanda's engagement with the Indian Ocean slave trade was
The largest ethnic groups in Rwanda are the Hutus, which make up about 85% of Rwanda's population; the Tutsis, which are 14%; and the Twa, which are around 1%. [1] Starting with the Tutsi feudal monarchy rule of the 10th century, the Hutus were a subjugated social group.
For several hundred years, the Twa have been a small minority in the area, currently 1% in Rwanda and Burundi, and have had little political role, though there were at times Twa in the government of the Tutsi king, and some even obtained a privileged position in the royal court as entertainers, or even executioners. [5]