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Calystegia macrostegia is a woody perennial herb or small shrub which may be a low herbaceous vine or a stout, woody, climbing plant which can approach 9 metres (30 ft) in length. The triangular leaves may be over 10 centimeters wide. The vine produces white, to very pale pink, to lavender blooms, often according to drought or temperature.
Vitis californica is a deciduous vine. It is fast growing and can grow to over 10 metres (33 ft) in length. [2] It climbs on other plants or covers the ground with twisted, woody ropes of vine covered in green leaves.
In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous (/ d ɪ ˈ s ɪ dʒ u. ə s /) [1] [2] means "falling off at maturity" [3] and "tending to fall off", [4] in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, after flowering; and to the shedding of ripe fruit.
California also has 1,023 species of non-native plants, some now problematic invasive species such as yellow starthistle, that were introduced during the Spanish colonization, the California Gold Rush, and subsequent immigrations and import trading of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries.
Aristolochia californica is a deciduous vine. [5] It grows from rhizomes, to a length usually around 5 feet (1.5 m), but can reach over 20 feet (6.1 m). [5] The twining trunk can become quite thick in circumference at maturity.
Rubus ursinus is a wide, mounding shrub or vine, growing to 0.61–1.52 metres (2–5 feet) high, and more than 1.8 m (6 ft) wide. [3] The prickly branches can take root if they touch soil, thus enabling the plant to spread vegetatively and form larger clonal colonies. The leaves usually have 3 leaflets but sometimes 5 or only 1, and are deciduous.
This causes the cells of the abscission zone to break apart and the leaf or other plant part to fall off. [6] Another way detachment occurs is through imbibition of water. [ 6 ] The plant cells at the abscission zone will take in a large amount of water, swell, and eventually burst, making the organ fall off. [ 6 ]
Prickles on a blackberry branch. In plant morphology, thorns, spines, and prickles, and in general spinose structures (sometimes called spinose teeth or spinose apical processes), are hard, rigid extensions or modifications of leaves, roots, stems, or buds with sharp, stiff ends, and generally serve the same function: physically defending plants against herbivory.