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The Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu manages and controls the temple administration within the state. The Tamil Nadu Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act XXII of 1959 controls 36,425 temples, 56 mathas or religious orders (and 47 temples belonging to mathas), 1,721 specific endowments and 189 trusts.
The state famed for Tamil architecture styled Hindu temples, culture and tradition and commonly known as the Land of Temples. [2] There are more than 34,000 temples in Tamil Nadu built across various periods including some of the largest and oldest temples in the world. [3]
While there may be a permanence of certain fundamental beliefs about the nature of life that is pervasive through Hinduism, Hindus as a group are highly non-homogenous.As Derrett says in his book on Hindu law, "We find the Hindus to be as diverse in race, psychology, habitat, employment and way of life as any collection of human beings that might be gathered from the ends of the earth."
The concept of a temple included its premises and wealth. However, from 1925, temples were brought under government control with the passing of the State Religious and Charitable Endowments Act. Under this Act, the state governments exercised power for the formation of temple development boards for major temples with the members from local city.
Hindu Religious Endowments Bill In 1921, the Raja of Panagal introduced the Hindu Religious Endowments Bill . [ 34 ] As per this bill, trusts were established to maintain temple funds and given complete power over the administration of temples. [ 34 ]
The Indian Supreme Court has relied on multiple Tagore Law Lectures including William O' Douglas's 1939 Lecture on comparative U.S. and Indian law, [8] Julius Jolly's 1883 lecture on the Hindu law of partition, inheritance, and adoption [9] and M.C. Setalvad's 1974 lecture on the relation between the Union and States in the Indian Constitution.
The Travancore Devaswom Board is an autonomous body formed by the Travancore Cochin Hindu Religious Institutions Act of 1950. Sabarimala is the main income source of the Board, with 255 crore rupees accruing to it from the temple during the previous pilgrimage season. [3] The income from the rest of the temples in Kerala was 57 crore rupees. [3]
For example, a 1951 Religious and Charitable Endowment Indian law allows state governments to forcibly take over, own and operate Hindu temples, [41] and collect revenue from offerings and redistribute that revenue to any non-temple purposes including maintenance of religious institutions opposed to the temple; [42] Indian law also allows ...