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The Polish alphabet (Polish: alfabet polski, abecadło) is the script of the Polish language, the basis for the Polish system of orthography. It is based on the Latin alphabet but includes certain letters (9) with diacritics : the acute accent – kreska : ć, ń, ó, ś, ź ; the overdot – kropka : ż ; the tail or ogonek – ą, ę ; and ...
The Polish alphabet was one of two major forms of Latin-based orthography developed for Slavic languages, the other being Czech orthography, characterized by carons (hačeks), as in the letter č. The other major Slavic languages which are now written in Latin-based alphabets ( Slovak , Slovene , and Serbo-Croatian ) use systems similar to the ...
Special letters of the Latin alphabet with added diacritics, used for Polish language. Under letter D, the special diacritical signs used in Polish are listed. For a discussion of Polish digraphs and trigraphs – see: Polish orthography#Digraphs
Own work, based on a vowel chart in Rocławski, Bronisław (1976) Zarys fonologii, fonetyki, fonotaktyki i fonostatystyki współczesnego języka polskiego, Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, p. 75 Following convention were used to convert the original Slavic phonetic symbols:
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Polish language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{}}, {{}}, and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
This image is a derivative work of the following images: File:Polish_vowel_chart.png licensed with PD-self . 2008-01-14T21:01:57Z Aeusoes1 882×660 (17000 Bytes) {{Information |Description=IPA vowel chart for Polish vowel phonemes. |Source=self-made, based on charts taken from page 105 of Jassem, Wiktor, "Polish" in ''Journal of the International Phonetic Association'' (2003) Vol. 34(1): 103-)
Polish orthography is largely phonemic—there is a consistent correspondence between letters (or digraphs and trigraphs) and phonemes (for exceptions see below). The letters of the alphabet and their normal phonemic values are listed in the following table. The Jakub Wujek Bible in Polish, 1599 print. The letters á and é were subsequently ...
Polish, like other Slavic languages, permits complex consonant clusters, which often arose from the disappearance of yers (see § Historical development above). Polish can have word-initial and word-medial clusters of up to four consonants, whereas word-final clusters can have up to five consonants. [ 83 ]