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The Eiffel class ANY contains features for shallow and deep copying and cloning of objects. All Eiffel classes inherit from ANY, so these features are available within all classes, and are applicable both to reference and expanded objects. The copy feature effects a shallow, field-by-field copy from one object to another. In this case no new ...
The default implementation of Object.clone() performs a shallow copy. When a class desires a deep copy or some other custom behavior, they must implement that in their own clone() method after they obtain the copy from the superclass. The syntax for calling clone in Java is (assuming obj is a variable of a class type that has a public clone ...
A module must have an initializer function that is equivalent to, or complementary to an object constructor method. This feature is not supported by regular namespaces. A module must have a finalizer function that is equivalent to, or complementary to an object destructor method. This feature is not supported by regular namespaces.
The term assembly (as in .NET languages like C#, F# or Visual Basic .NET) or package (as in Dart, Go or Java) is sometimes used instead of module.In other implementations, these are distinct concepts; in Python a package is a collection of modules, while in Java 9 the introduction of the new module concept (a collection of packages with enhanced access control) was implemented.
The Java Modeling Language (JML) is a specification language for Java programs, using Hoare style pre-and postconditions and invariants, that follows the design by contract paradigm. Specifications are written as Java annotation comments to the source files, which hence can be compiled with any Java compiler .
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java.util.Collection class and interface hierarchy Java's java.util.Map class and interface hierarchy. The Java collections framework is a set of classes and interfaces that implement commonly reusable collection data structures. [1] Although referred to as a framework, it works in a manner of a library. The collections framework provides both ...
Primitive wrapper classes are not the same thing as primitive types. Whereas variables, for example, can be declared in Java as data types double, short, int, etc., the primitive wrapper classes create instantiated objects and methods that inherit but hide the primitive data types, not like variables that are assigned the data type values.