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By contrast, hotzaat shem ra ("spreading a bad name") – also called hotzaat diba or motzi shem ra (lit. "putting out a bad name") – consists of lies, and is best translated as "slander" or "defamation" (calumny). Hotzaat shem ra is an even graver sin than lashon hara. [5] The act of gossiping is called rechilut, and is also forbidden by ...
Misinformation might be created and spread with malicious intent for reasons such as causing anxiety or deceiving audiences. [136] Rumors created with or without malicious intent may be unknowingly shared by users. [citation needed] People may know what the scientific community has proved as a fact, and still refuse to accept it as such. [140]
Among them: People ignoring others, sending “not nice” emails to an employee and copying everybody, spreading rumors, gossiping, eye rolling in meetings, taking credit for the work of others ...
State-sponsored Internet propaganda is Internet manipulation and propaganda that is sponsored by a state.States have used the Internet, particularly social media to influence elections, sow distrust in institutions, spread rumors, spread disinformation, typically using bots to create and spread contact.
While sexual harassment is a form of workplace harassment, the United States Department of Labor defines workplace harassment as being more than just sexual harassment. [10] "It may entail quid pro quo harassment, which occurs in cases in which employment decisions or treatment are based on submission to or rejection of unwelcome conduct ...
Publication of malicious fake news, endangering public order, or damaging state interests or credit (¶ 1) False testimony against defendant, in criminal cases (Art. 180) Spreading false rumours, when aiming to monopolize or restrain trade (Art. 186 ¶ 2) Lesser physical injury, when intended to insult, offend, cause ignominy (Art. 265 ¶ 2)
Fake news has become increasingly prevalent over the last few years, with over 100 misleading articles and rumors spread regarding the 2016 United States presidential election alone. [18] These fake news articles tend to come from satirical news websites or individual websites with an incentive to propagate false information, either as ...
Disinformation is misleading content deliberately spread to deceive people, [1] [2] or to secure economic or political gain and which may cause public harm. [3] Disinformation is an orchestrated adversarial activity in which actors employ strategic deceptions and media manipulation tactics to advance political, military, or commercial goals. [ 4 ]