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Ground pressure is the pressure exerted on the ground by the tires or tracks of a motorized vehicle, and is one measure of its potential mobility, [1] especially over soft ground. It also applies to the feet of a walking person or machine. Pressure is measured in the SI unit of pascals (Pa).
All new model year 2008 light vehicles shall have a TPMS (direct or indirect) fitted which is capable of detecting when one or more of the vehicle's tires, up to all four tires, is 25% or more below the manufacturer's recommended inflation pressure (placard pressure) or a minimum activation pressure specified in the standard, whichever is higher.
A tire-pressure monitoring system (TPMS) monitors the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires on vehicles. [1] A TPMS reports real-time tire-pressure information to the driver, using either a gauge, a pictogram display, or a simple low-pressure warning light. TPMS can be divided into two different types – direct (dTPMS) and indirect (iTPMS).
Reducing tire pressure also reduces the extent to which the tires grind against loose surfaces, significantly reducing dust and silt. Another function of CTIS is to maintain tire pressure if there is a slow leak or puncture. In this case, the system controls inflation automatically based on the selected pressure the driver has set. [1]
The problem with this method was that if tires all lost the same pressure then none would show up against the others to indicate a problem. However, research has shown that both direct and indirect tire pressure monitoring systems are equally effective. [1] Tire-pressure gauges measure air pressure using various methods:
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Airless tires, non-pneumatic tires (NPT), or flat-free tires are tires that are not supported by air pressure. [1] [2] [3] They can be used on small vehicles such as ride-on lawn mowers and motorized golf carts. They also are used on heavy equipment required to operate on sites where risk of tire punctures is high.