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Examples of disorders that may include or create challenges in language and communication and/or may co-occur with the above disorders: autism spectrum disorders - autistic disorder , pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDDNOS), and Asperger disorder – developmental disorders that affect the brain's normal development of ...
Speech disorders affect roughly 11.5% of the US population, and 5% of the primary school population. [5] Speech is a complex process that requires precise timing, nerve and muscle control, and as a result is susceptible to impairments. A person who has a stroke, an accident or birth defect may have speech and language problems. [6]
The individual knows what they want to say, but their brain has difficulty coordinating the muscle movements necessary to say those words. [2] The exact cause of this disorder is usually unknown. [1] Many observations suggest a genetic cause of DVD, as many with the disorder have a family history of communication disorders.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) refers to a set of tools and strategies that support or replace verbal communication for individuals with communication disorders, such as Broca's aphasia or other conditions that affect speech and language abilities.
Some adults with right hemisphere brain damage may exhibit behavior that includes tangential speech. [4] Those who exhibit these behaviors may also have related symptoms such as seemingly inappropriate or self-centered social responses, and a deterioration in pragmatic abilities (including appropriate eye contact as well as topic maintenance).
Dysarthria is a speech sound disorder resulting from neurological injury of the motor component of the motor–speech system [1] and is characterized by poor articulation of phonemes. [2] It is a condition in which problems effectively occur with the muscles that help produce speech, often making it very difficult to pronounce words.
Aphasia, also known as dysphasia, [a] is an impairment in a person’s ability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. [2] The major causes are stroke and head trauma; prevalence is hard to determine, but aphasia due to stroke is estimated to be 0.1–0.4% in developed countries. [3]
Another source has estimated that communication disorders—a larger category, which also includes hearing disorders—affect one of every 10 people in the United States. [ 13 ] ASHA has cited that 24.1% of children in school in the fall of 2003 received services for speech or language disorders—this amounts to a total of 1,460,583 children ...