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A multiple of a number is the product of that number and an integer. For example, 10 is a multiple of 5 because 5 × 2 = 10, so 10 is divisible by 5 and 2. Because 10 is the smallest positive integer that is divisible by both 5 and 2, it is the least common multiple of 5 and 2.
gcd(a, b) is closely related to the least common multiple lcm(a, b): we have gcd(a, b)⋅lcm(a, b) = | a⋅b |. This formula is often used to compute least common multiples: one first computes the GCD with Euclid's algorithm and then divides the product of the given numbers by their GCD. The following versions of distributivity hold true:
lcm(m, n) (least common multiple of m and n) is the product of all prime factors of m or n (with the largest multiplicity for m or n). gcd(m, n) × lcm(m, n) = m × n. Finding the prime factors is often harder than computing gcd and lcm using other algorithms which do not require known prime factorization.
The Euclidean algorithm is based on the principle that the greatest common divisor of two numbers does not change if the larger number is replaced by its difference with the smaller number. For example, 21 is the GCD of 252 and 105 (as 252 = 21 × 12 and 105 = 21 × 5), and the same number 21 is also the GCD of 105 and 252 − 105 = 147. Since ...
LCM may refer to: Computing and mathematics. Latent class model, a concept in statistics; Least common multiple, a function of two integers; Living Computer Museum;
In the case of univariate polynomials, there is a strong relationship between the greatest common divisors and resultants. More precisely, the resultant of two polynomials P , Q is a polynomial function of the coefficients of P and Q which has the value zero if and only if the GCD of P and Q is not constant.
The arithmetic billiard for the numbers 15 and 40: the greatest common divisor is 5, the least common multiple is 120. In recreational mathematics, arithmetic billiards provide a geometrical method to determine the least common multiple (LCM) and the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two natural numbers.
Equivalently, any two elements of R have a least common multiple (LCM). [ 1 ] A GCD domain generalizes a unique factorization domain (UFD) to a non- Noetherian setting in the following sense: an integral domain is a UFD if and only if it is a GCD domain satisfying the ascending chain condition on principal ideals (and in particular if it is ...