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Hottentot (English and German language / ˈ h ɒ t ən ˌ t ɒ t / HOT-ən-TOT) is a term that was historically used by Europeans to refer to the Khoekhoe, the indigenous nomadic pastoralists in South Africa.
Nama (ethnonyms Khoekhoe, Nama, Damara) is a dialect cluster including ǂAakhoe and Haiǁom; Xiri is a dialect cluster also known as Griqua (Afrikaans spelling) or Cape Hottentot. Shua is a dialect cluster including Shwa, Deti, Tsʼixa, ǀXaise, and Ganádi; Tsoa is a dialect cluster including Cire Cire and Kua; Kxoe is a dialect cluster ...
Khoekhoe (/ ˈ k ɔɪ k ɔɪ / KOY-koy; Khoekhoegowab, Khoekhoe pronunciation: [k͡xʰo̜͡ek͡xʰo̜͡egowab]), also known by the ethnic terms Nama (/ ˈ n ɑː m ə / NAH-mə; Namagowab), [3] Damara (ǂNūkhoegowab), or Nama/Damara [4] [5] and formerly as Hottentot, [b] is the most widespread of the non-Bantu languages of Southern Africa that make heavy use of click consonants and therefore ...
After apartheid, Khoekhoe activists have worked to restore their lost culture, and affirm their ties to the land. Khoekhoe and Khoisan groups have brought cases to court demanding restitution for 'cultural genocide and discrimination against the Khoisan nation’, as well as land rights and the return of Khoesan corpses from European museums. [24]
ǂAakhoe (ǂĀkhoe) and Haiǁom are part of the Khoekhoe dialect continuum and are spoken mainly in Namibia. [2] In the sparsely available material on the subject, ǂAkhoe and Haiǁom have been considered a variant of the Khoekhoe language, as separate dialects (Haacke et al. 1997), as virtual synonyms of a single variant (Heikinnen, n.d.), or as "a way in which some Haiǁom speak their ...
For example, the [ǃkˀ] of Khoekhoe, [ǃkˀ ~ ŋˀǃk] of Sandawe and [ŋ̊ǃˀ ~ ŋǃkˀ] of Hadza may be essentially the same phone; no language distinguishes them, and the differences in transcription may have more to do with the approach of the linguist than with actual differences in the sounds. Such suspected allophones/allographs are ...
Adoption of the Khoekhoe term San in Western anthropology dates to the 1970s, and this remains the standard term in English-language ethnographic literature, although some authors later switched back to using the name Bushmen. [7] [21] The compound Khoisan is used to refer to the pastoralist Khoi and the foraging San collectively.
Nama group in front of a hut Chief Hendrik Witbooi (centre) and his companions. For thousands of years, the Khoisan peoples of South Africa and southern Namibia maintained a nomadic life, the Khoikhoi as pastoralists and the San people as hunter-gatherers.