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In 493 AD, Victorius of Aquitaine wrote a 98-column multiplication table which gave (in Roman numerals) the product of every number from 2 to 50 times and the rows were "a list of numbers starting with one thousand, descending by hundreds to one hundred, then descending by tens to ten, then by ones to one, and then the fractions down to 1/144 ...
m is D 1, D 2 or D 3. The difference between D 1 and D 2 is that the first does not include neutrals in the distance while the latter does. For example, respondents scoring −2 and +1 would have a distance of 2 under D 1 and 3 under D 2. The use of a power (p) in the distances allows for the rescaling of extreme responses.
Example: The matching distance between = + + and = ′ + ′ is given by (,) = {(, ′), (, ′), (,)} = The core of the definition of matching distance is the observation that the information contained in a size function can be combinatorially stored in a formal series of lines and points of the plane, called respectively cornerlines and ...
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The closeness of a match is measured in terms of the number of primitive operations necessary to convert the string into an exact match. This number is called the edit distance between the string and the pattern. The usual primitive operations are: [1] insertion: cot → coat; deletion: coat → cot; substitution: coat → cost
A vector treated as an array of numbers by writing as a row vector or column vector (whichever is used depends on convenience or context): = (), = Index notation allows indication of the elements of the array by simply writing a i, where the index i is known to run from 1 to n, because of n-dimensions. [1]
In particular, this shows that any maximal matching is a 2-approximation of a maximum matching and also a 2-approximation of a minimum maximal matching. This inequality is tight: for example, if G is a path with 3 edges and 4 vertices, the size of a minimum maximal matching is 1 and the size of a maximum matching is 2.
Power Pivot first appeared around May 2010 as part of the SQL Server 2008 R2 product line. It included "Power Pivot for Excel" and "Power Pivot for SharePoint" [ 3 ] While the product was associated with SQL Server, the add-in for Excel could be used independent of any server, and could connect to various types of data sources.