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Paraphrase or paraphrasing in computational linguistics is the natural language processing task of detecting and generating paraphrases.Applications of paraphrasing are varied including information retrieval, question answering, text summarization, and plagiarism detection. [1]
Never-Ending Language Learning system (NELL) is a semantic machine learning system that as of 2010 was being developed by a research team at Carnegie Mellon University, and supported by grants from DARPA, Google, NSF, and CNPq with portions of the system running on a supercomputing cluster provided by Yahoo!. [1]
Emergence of headed combinations: Within the minimalist program, bare phrase structure, described in detail above, accounts for children's first language acquisition better than earlier theories of phrase structure building, such as X-bar theory. This is because, under bare phrase structure, children do not need to account for the intermediate ...
In principle, language can have a countless amount of words in a sentence. Language is not a continuous notion, but rather discrete in the way that linguistic expressions are distinct units, such as a x word in a sentence, or a x+1, x-l words, and not partial words, x.1, x.2 .... Additionally, language is not constricted in size, but rather ...
It generally does not involve prior semantic understanding of the documents. Semantic analysis strategies include: Metalanguages based on first-order logic, which can analyze the speech of humans. [1]: 93- Understanding the semantics of a text is symbol grounding: if language is grounded, it is equal to recognizing a machine-readable meaning ...
This is noise that is often caused by the sender (also known as either the encoder or the source). [10] This type of noise occurs when grammar or technical language is used that the receiver (the decoder) cannot understand, or cannot understand it clearly. It occurs when the sender of the message uses a word or a phrase that we don't know the ...
A semantic treebank is a collection of natural language sentences annotated with a meaning representation. These resources use a formal representation of each sentence's semantic structure . Semantic treebanks vary in the depth of their semantic representation.
where is the intended word and is the scrambled word that was actually received. The goal of the noisy channel model is to find the intended word given the scrambled word that was received. The decision function σ : Σ ∗ → D {\displaystyle \sigma :\Sigma ^{*}\to D} is a function that, given a scrambled word, returns the intended word.