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Meltdown exploits a race condition, inherent in the design of many modern CPUs.This occurs between memory access and privilege checking during instruction processing. . Additionally, combined with a cache side-channel attack, this vulnerability allows a process to bypass the normal privilege checks that isolate the exploit process from accessing data belonging to the operating system and other ...
In early January 2018, it was reported that all Intel processors made since 1995 [2] [3] (besides Intel Itanium and pre-2013 Intel Atom) have been subject to two security flaws dubbed Meltdown and Spectre. [4] [5] The impact on performance resulting from software patches is "workload-dependent".
In March 2018, Intel announced that they had developed hardware fixes for Meltdown and Spectre-V2 only, but not Spectre-V1. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] The vulnerabilities were mitigated by a new partitioning system that improves process and privilege-level separation.
The vulnerabilities were dubbed Spectre and Meltdown , and provided malicious actors with avenues to access sensitive data -- such as usernames and passwords -- even if stored in protected memory ...
Speculative execution exploit Variant 4, [8] is referred to as Speculative Store Bypass (SSB), [1] [9] and has been assigned CVE-2018-3639. [7] SSB is named Variant 4, but it is the fifth variant in the Spectre-Meltdown class of vulnerabilities.
A listing of affected Intel hardware has been posted. [11] [12] Foreshadow is similar to the Spectre security vulnerabilities discovered earlier to affect Intel and AMD chips, and the Meltdown vulnerability that also affected Intel. [7] AMD products are not affected by the Foreshadow security flaws. [7]
In January 2018, the Meltdown vulnerability was published, known to affect Intel's x86 CPUs and ARM Cortex-A75. [22] [23] It was a far more severe vulnerability than the KASLR bypass that KAISER originally intended to fix: It was found that contents of kernel memory could also be leaked, not just the locations of memory mappings, as previously thought.
Intel incorporated fixes in its processors starting shortly before the public announcement of the vulnerabilities. [ 1 ] On 14 May 2019, a mitigation was released for the Linux kernel , [ 18 ] and Apple , Google , Microsoft , and Amazon released emergency patches for their products to mitigate ZombieLoad.