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English: Translation: Illustrates how a ribosome a mRNA and lots of tRNA molecules work together to produce peptides or proteins. Français : Diagramme montrant comment la traduction de l'ARN messager et la synthèse protéique se font dans les ribosomes.
The following other wikis use this file: Usage on bs.wikipedia.org Biosinteza; Usage on ckb.wikipedia.org ڕایبۆسۆم; Usage on en.wikibooks.org
English: An animation made using VMD of the 70S ribosome, the P site tRNA (orange), E site tRNA (green), mRNA (yellow), and elongation factor G (red) in the POST state, at the end of tRNA translocation.
Initiation of translation usually involves the interaction of certain key proteins, the initiation factors, with a special tag bound to the 5'-end of an mRNA molecule, the 5' cap, as well as with the 5' UTR. These proteins bind the small (40S) ribosomal subunit and hold the mRNA in place. [1]
The mRNA binds in the cleft between the head and the body, and there are three binding sites for tRNA, the A-site, P-site and E-site (see article on protein translation for details). The core of the 40S subunit is formed by the 18S ribosomal RNA (abbreviated 18S rRNA), which is homologous to the prokaryotic 16S rRNA .
The strong structure can inhibit or modulate transcription and replication, such as in the telomeres of chromosomes and the UTR of mRNA. [18] The base identity is important towards ligand binding. The G-quartet typically binds monovalent cations such as potassium, while other bases can bind numerous other ligands such as hypoxanthine in a U-U-C ...
A tRNA is commonly named by its intended amino acid (e.g. tRNA-Asn), by its anticodon sequence (e.g. tRNA(GUU)), or by both (e.g. tRNA-Asn(GUU) or tRNA Asn GUU ). [ 19 ] These two features describe the main function of the tRNA, but do not actually cover the whole diversity of tRNA variation; as a result, numerical suffixes are added to ...
For example, if the amino acid that attach to the end is phenylalanine, the reaction will be catalyzed by phenylalanine-tRNA synthase to produce tRNA phe. [4] The other end—the bottom often called the "DNA arm"—consists of a three base sequence that pairs with a complementary base sequence in a mRNA. [5]