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In machining, the rake angle is a parameter used in various cutting processes, describing the angle of the cutting face relative to the workpiece. There are three types of rake angles: positive, zero or neutral, and negative. Positive rake: A tool has a positive rake when the face of the cutting tool slopes away from the cutting edge at inner side.
Riftsawn wood has every board cut along a radius of the original log, so each board has a perpendicular grain, with the growth rings oriented at right angles to the surface of the board. However, since this produces a great deal of waste (in the form of wedge-shaped scraps from between the boards) rift-sawing is very seldom used.
The lip angle is the angle between the face of the cut material and the flank of the lip, and determines the amount of support provided to the cutting edge. A greater lip angle will cause the bit to cut more aggressively under the same amount of point pressure as a bit with a smaller lip angle.
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Type I chips generally form in cutting by tools with shallow cutting angles. Type I chips may form long, continuous swarf, limited in size only by the length of cut. This is the idealised chip formation for wood shavings, [4] particularly those produced by a well-tuned plane with a finely adjusted mouth.
Diagonal- and stepped-cut rift-sawing is intermediate to flat-sawn and radial cut lumber. The angle of the bastard grain may differ along the width of the board or between opposing sides, and enhances the appearance of ray fleck. Flat-sawing is the quickest method, producing the least wood waste and largest possible boards from a log.