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A variety of hardness-testing methods are available, including the Vickers, Brinell, Rockwell, Meyer and Leeb tests. Although it is impossible in many cases to give an exact conversion, it is possible to give an approximate material-specific comparison table for steels .
Steel, stainless steels, hard cast irons, pearlitic malleable iron, titanium, titanium alloys, deep case-hardened steel, other materials harder than 100 HRB: 100: 500 D: HRD: 100: spheroconical diamond † Thin steel and medium case-hardened steel and pearlitic malleable iron: 100: 500 E: HRE: 100: 1 ⁄ 8 in (3.18 mm) ball
Flat Products for Cold Forming: ... Below is a table comparing steel grades from different grading systems. ... 1018: CK15 C15 C16.8: 040A15 080M15 080A15 EN3B: C15 C16
Hot-rolled and cold-rolled high-strength low-alloy columbium and/or vanadium steel sheet and strip A607 Class I Gr.45 45 60 1.33 Hot rolled (23) Cold rolled (22) Gr.50 50 65 1.30 Hot rolled (20) Cold rolled (20) Gr.55 55 70 1.27 Hot rolled (18) Cold rolled (18) Gr.60 60 75 1.25 Hot rolled (16) Cold rolled (16) Gr.65 65 80 1.23 Hot rolled (14)
Applications include the heading of bolts and cap screws and the finishing of cold rolled steel. In cold forming, metal is formed at high speed and high pressure using tool steel or carbide dies. The cold working of the metal increases the hardness, yield strength, and tensile strength. [7]
The SAE steel grades system is a standard alloy numbering system (SAE J1086 – Numbering Metals and Alloys) for steel grades maintained by SAE International. In the 1930s and 1940s, the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and SAE were both involved in efforts to standardize such a numbering system for steels.