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From left to right, the above are general structures of β-lactam, a γ-lactam, a δ-lactam, and ε-lactam. Their common names are β-propiolactam, γ-butyrolactam, δ-valerolactam, and ε-caprolactam. A lactam is a cyclic amide, formally derived from an amino alkanoic acid through cyclization reactions.
Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that, like the other members of the class Mollicutes, lack a cell wall, and its peptidoglycan, around their cell membrane. [1] The absence of peptidoglycan makes them naturally resistant to antibiotics such as the beta-lactam antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis.
Thus, the bacterium cannot synthesise a typical peptidoglycan cell wall, and instead makes a peptidoglycan-like structure on its surface. [26] The cell membrane is also chemically different in its protein composition, and this difference gives rise to strain variations within the species itself. [27] Genomes of O. tsutsugamushi strains.
An insect uses its digestive system to extract nutrients and other substances from the food it consumes. [3]Most of this food is ingested in the form of macromolecules and other complex substances (such as proteins, polysaccharides, fats, and nucleic acids) which must be broken down by catabolic reactions into smaller molecules (i.e. amino acids, simple sugars, etc.) before being used by cells ...
Some species are predatory, but most of them feed on pollen and the chloroplasts harvested from the outer layer of plant epidermal and mesophyll cells. They prefer tender parts of the plant, such as buds, flowers and new leaves. [38] [39] Besides feeding on plant tissues, the common blossom thrips feeds on pollen grains and on the eggs of mites ...
Some members of Tessaratomidae exhibit maternal care of eggs and offspring. The defensive chemicals of certain species can cause significant damage if they come into contact with human skin; they may also cause temporary blindness. All species are exclusively plant-eaters, some of major economic importance as agricultural pests. A few species ...
How myiasis affects the human body depends on where the larvae are located. Larvae may infect dead, necrotic (prematurely dying) or living tissue in various sites: the skin, eyes, ears, stomach, and intestinal tract, or in genitourinary sites. [5] They may invade open wounds and lesions or unbroken skin. Some enter the body through the nose or ...
Fat body is a highly dynamic insect tissue composed primarily of storage cells. It is distributed throughout the insect's internal body cavity (the haemocoel ), in close proximity to the hemolymph as well as organs such as the epidermis , digestive organs and ovaries .