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The Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR, [c] later the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation, [d] was the supreme government institution of the Russian SFSR from 1938 to 1990; between 1990 and 1993, it was a permanent legislature (), elected by the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation.
The Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (SSUSSR) [a] was the highest body of state authority of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1936 to 1991. Based on the principle of unified power , it was the only branch of government in the Soviet state.
The Supreme Soviet (Russian: Верховный Совет, romanized: Verkhovny Sovet, lit. 'Supreme Council') was the common name for the legislative bodies (parliaments) of the Soviet socialist republics (SSR) in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
Under the 1977 Constitution, the Supreme Soviet was the highest organ of state power and the sole organ in the country to hold legislative authority. [6] Sessions of the Supreme Soviet were convened by the Presidium twice a year; however, special sessions could be convened on the orders of a Union Republic. [6]
Instead the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet became head of the republic in addition to serving as a parliamentary speaker. Boris Yeltsin was chairman 1990–1991. In early 1991, the post of President of Russia was created and executive powers were transferred from the Supreme Soviet to the President. The responsibilities of the Supreme Soviet ...
Served as General Secretary from 11 March 1985 [52] and resigned on 24 August 1991, [55] [b] Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1 October [51] 1988 until the office was renamed to the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet on 25 May 1989 to 15 March 1990 [52] and President of the Soviet Union from 15 March 1990 [56] to 25 December ...
In 1990–1993 it consisted of 126 deputies. The Soviet of the Republic was established in 1989, as one of the chambers of the formerly unicameral Supreme Soviet, and elected in 1990. Soviet of Nationalities was elected by and from among the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation on the following basis:
In September, Yeltsin presented the plan to the Russian Supreme Soviet, which backed it. [208] Many in the Communist Party and state apparatus warned against it, and it was abandoned. [209] By mid-November 1990, much of the press was calling for Gorbachev to resign and predicting civil war. [210]