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Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is neuropathic pain that occurs due to damage to a peripheral nerve caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (herpes zoster, also known as shingles). PHN is defined as pain in a dermatomal distribution that lasts for at least 90 days after an outbreak of herpes zoster. [ 1 ]
Pain can be mild to severe in the affected dermatome, with sensations that are often described as stinging, tingling, aching, numbing or throbbing, and can be interspersed with quick stabs of agonizing pain. [22] Shingles in children is often painless, but people are more likely to get shingles as they age, and the disease tends to be more severe.
The pain is characteristically described as shooting or shock-like, quickly traveling along the course of the affected nerves. [12] Others use the term as a diagnosis (i.e. an indication of cause and effect) for nerve dysfunction caused by compression of one or more lumbar or sacral nerve roots from a spinal disc herniation. [ 4 ]
A zoster vaccine is a vaccine that reduces the incidence of herpes zoster (shingles), a disease caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, which is also responsible for chickenpox. [8] Shingles provokes a painful rash with blisters, and can be followed by chronic pain ( postherpetic neuralgia ), as well as other complications.
Physicians can also treat intercostal nerve pain by intentionally damaging the intercostal nerves. This process, known as neurolysis , prevents the nerves from sending pain signals. [ 2 ] In chemical neurolysis, a needle injects alcohol or phenol into the nerve and prevents the conduction of pain signals.
The major function of this system is as a barrier against the external environment. [2] The skin weighs an average of four kilograms, covers an area of two square metres, and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. [1]
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