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  2. Substance theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_theory

    Substance theory, or substance–attribute theory, is an ontological theory positing that objects are constituted each by a substance and properties borne by the substance but distinct from it. In this role, a substance can be referred to as a substratum or a thing-in-itself .

  3. Half-life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-life

    N 0 is the initial quantity of the substance that will decay (this quantity may be measured in grams, moles, number of atoms, etc.), N(t) is the quantity that still remains and has not yet decayed after a time t, t ½ is the half-life of the decaying quantity, τ is a positive number called the mean lifetime of the decaying quantity,

  4. Substance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance

    1 Chemistry. 2 Arts, entertainment, and media. Toggle Arts, entertainment, and media subsection ... Substance theory, an ontological theory positing that a substance ...

  5. Amount of substance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amount_of_substance

    In chemistry, the amount of substance (symbol n) in a given sample of matter is defined as a ratio (n = N/N A) between the number of elementary entities (N) and the Avogadro constant (N A). Since 2019, the value of the Avogadro constant N A is defined to be exactly 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1 .

  6. Reactivity (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactivity_(chemistry)

    In chemistry, reactivity is the impulse for which a chemical substance undergoes a chemical reaction, either by itself or with other materials, with an overall release of energy. Reactivity refers to: the chemical reactions of a single substance, the chemical reactions of two or more substances that interact with each other,

  7. List of discredited substances - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_discredited_substances

    Lack of experimental evidence and any predictive theory; never accepted by science Panacea: Alchemists: Ancient times: Substance curing all illness: Modern biology and medicine: Philosopher's stone: Alchemists: Ancient times: Legendary substance that could transmute lead into precious metals: Transmutation requires nuclear processes.

  8. Chemical reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reaction

    Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes can occur. The substance (or substances) initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants or reagents.

  9. Theoretical chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_chemistry

    Theoretical chemistry is the branch of chemistry which develops theoretical generalizations that are part of the theoretical arsenal of modern chemistry: for example, the concepts of chemical bonding, chemical reaction, valence, the surface of potential energy, molecular orbitals, orbital interactions, and molecule activation.