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The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) privacy rules [22] requires notice in writing of the privacy practices of health care services, and this requirement also applies if the health service is electronic. [23]
HIPAA was implemented in 1996 by President Clinton as a way to “strike a balance that permits important uses of information, while protecting the privacy of people who seek care and healing.”
Title II of HIPAA establishes policies and procedures for maintaining the privacy and the security of individually identifiable health information, outlines numerous offenses relating to health care, and establishes civil and criminal penalties for violations. It also creates several programs to control fraud and abuse within the health-care ...
HIPAA provides a federal minimum standard for medical privacy, sets standards for uses and disclosures of protected health information (PHI), and provides civil and criminal penalties for violations. Prior to HIPAA, only certain groups of people were protected under medical laws such as individuals with HIV or those who received Medicare aid. [41]
In some cases, an entity wishing to "share" (disseminate) information is required to provide a notice, such as a GLBA notice or a HIPAA notice, requiring individuals to specifically opt-out. [48] These "opt-out" requests may be executed either by use of forms provided by the entity collecting the data, with or without separate written requests.
The core principles of privacy addressed by these principles are: 1. Notice/Awareness [12] Consumers should be given notice of an entity's information practices before any personal information is collected from them. [12] This requires that companies explicitly notify some or all of the following: identification of the entity collecting the data;